(1) | also, too, likewise, besides, moreover, furthermore |
(2) | These adverbs indicate the presence of or introduce something additional. The first three generally imply that the additional element or consideration is equal in weight to what precedes it. |
| 这些副词表示出或引出附加的事物的存在。前三个词一般暗示出附加成分或考虑与前面的内容同样重要。 |
(3) | Also is more formal in tone than too: |
| Also 在语气上比too更正式: |
| He is gentle, but he is also capable of fierce intellectual combat. |
| 他很温和,但他却也能够进行激烈的斗智。 |
| If you buy a car, you'll need a parking place, too. |
| 如果你买辆车,你还将需要一个停车场地。 |
(4) | Likewise is even more formal than also and may imply similarity between elements as well as equality: |
| Likewise 比also 更为正式并可能暗示各成分之间的平等和相似: |
| You forgot to mention that her parents were likewise going to attend the ceremony. |
| 你忘了提到她父母也打算去参加仪式。 |
(5) | Besides often introduces an element that reinforces what has gone before: |
| Besides 经常引出一个加强前面内容的成份: |
| I don't feel like cooking; besides, there's no food in the house. |
| 我不想做饭;而且家里已经没有可吃的东西了。 |
(6) | Moreover and |
| Moreover |
(7) | furthermore frequently stress the importance of what is to come: |
| furthermore 常强调要出现的事物的重要性: |
| The cellar was dark and forbidding; moreover, I knew a family of mice had nested there. |
| 这个地窖阴森可怕;而且我知道那儿有一窝老鼠。 |
| I don't want you to go; furthermore, I forbid it. |
| 我不想让你去,而且我也禁止你去。
moreover, beyond what has been said furthermore, in addition to what has been said
[1] “The acceleration performance of this car model is very poor; furthermore, its fuel consumption is extremely high.”
[2] “The acceleration performance of this car is very poor; moreover, its fuel consumption is extremely high.”
In the first example, the speaker gives 'an impartial, co-equal assessment of the two inadequacies of the car model', whereas in the second example, a critical judgmental sense against the fuel consumption aspect is conveyed. The speaker’s bias shows somewhat.
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